Since 2002, over 5.6 million Afghans have returned from neighbouring countries and as many as 40% of them have not been able to reintegrate in their original locations. The total number of recorded IDPs in Afghanistan is more than 1.2 million. These returnees together with IDPs, rural-urban migrants and high natural population growth have resulted in an unprecedented expansion of Afghan cities. During the past decade, returnees, IDPs and low-income migrants face major obstacles to accessing basic services, adequate shelter and tenure security in cities.

Coming in from the Margins: Ending Displacement & Increasing Inclusion in Afghan Cities

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